Perfume

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• Perfume (UK: /ˈpɜːfjuːm/, US: /pərˈfjuːm/; French: parfum) is a aggregate of fragrant vital oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, normally in liquid shape, used to present the human frame, animals, meals, objects, and residing-areas an agreeable fragrance. The 1939 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ružička said in 1945 that "proper from the earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time, perfumes have significantly contributed to the improvement of natural chemistry as regards strategies, systematic category, and concept."

• Ancient texts and archaeological excavations display the usage of perfumes in some of the earliest human civilizations. Modern perfumery commenced within the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds including vanillin or coumarin, which allowed for the composition of perfumes with smells previously not possible completely from natural aromatics.